China is one of countries which have a surging water supply-demand conflict. Water resource as a necessity for human's survival and economy has always been over used. This paper studies the green efficiency of industrial water resources in Yangtze River economic zone, uses environmental pollution as negative factor based on the connotation of water resource efficiency, and re-defines and replenishes the concept of green efficiency of industrial water resource. Through theoretical and experimental analysis, this paper discusses the factors and temporal-spatial features of green efficiency of industrial water resource, and presents a path to upgrading the green efficiency. By means of blue and gray water footprints, this paper uses triple-staged super-efficiency SBM model and Malmquist-Luenberger indicators decomposition to select industrial labors, industrial fixed asset investment and blue water footprint as input variables and industrial increment as expected output variable, and gray water footprint as non-expected output variable. A green efficiency of industrial water resource index system is established to estimate their 2009—2019 green efficiencies of industrial water resource of 11 provinces (cities) in Yangtze River economic zone. Blue water footprints of the whole Yangtze River economic zone and regional has volatility, while the gray water has a downward trend. With removal of environmental factor and random errors, it is found that environmental factor obviously constrains the pure technological efficiency, leaving a room to improve to size efficiency and comprehensive technological efficiency. The factors of the whole elements productivity index changes vary with provinces and stages, but technical advance is the major one, This paper suggests that provinces in Yangtze River economic zone improve size efficiencies through their actual industries and resources and upper-down stream supply chain combination, and increase outputs and decrease water pollution from optimizing input/output elements.

Yangtze River Economic Zone as China's largest economic zone has vast economic potentials, but with severe water environmental issues. To shift a fast development to quality development, Yangtze River Economic Zone shall develop high-tech industries to push a green water resource development. This paper studies the overflowing effects of high-tech industrial agglomeration on green water resource efficiency geographically, which is of significance for understanding the status of high-tech industrial agglomeration, and appropriately making policies, including positive and negative pathways based on industrial agglomeration and water use references. This paper, based on 11Yangtze River Economic Zone provinces' 2005 to 2019 panel data, uses entropy to estimate high-tech industrial agglomerating level and applies SE-SBM model to estimate its green water resource efficiency, and employs spatial Dubin model to verify the spatial overflowing effects of high-tech industrial agglomeration which is divided into direct and indirect parts. The results show an escalating spatial auto-correlation of green water resource efficiency in Yangtze River Economic Zone, an outstanding overflowing effect, trans-regional larger than regionwide. A ratio of research and development input to the second industry casts a negative overflowing effect on green water resource efficiency, but environmental regulations does positively. This paper presents suggestions on fastening infrastructural construction in the middle- to upper-stream to receive the high-tech migration from the down-stream, boosting high-tech supports transferring siphon effect to radiation effect of industrial agglomeration, focusing on research and development quality and improving research and development conversion.

This paper, based on China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), uses PSM-DID model to check the impacts of social security & commercial insurance on incomes of rural poor families and concludes that such a policy can outstandingly raise the income of rural poor families. Some Chinese rural families which heavily rely on social security of low security degree currently become poor or return to poverty due to illness or disasters, not enough toresist risks. Encouragement of rural poor families to purchase commercial insurances can guarantee accumulation of family assets. It is critical to realize the overall coverage of social security, to intensity propaganda of commercial insurance and to diversity insurance products, and to establish multiple-hierarchy insuring system for restraining returning to poverty of de-poverty families.

This paper uses water footprint theory and provincial panel data 2004 to 2018 to evaluate the water resource benefits of Yangtze river economic zone, and applies spatial quantitative model to study the non\|linear impacts and spatial overflow of population, industries and economic urbanization on water resource benefits, with the results showing a rising economic efficiency and contributing rate of water resource in Yangtze river economic zone along with an increasing water resource pressure. Urbanization and water resource benefits show an outstanding spatial concentration. Industries and economic urbanization have a “U\|shaped” relation to economic efficiency of water resource, but an upside\|down “U\|shaped” relation to water resource pressure. Population urbanization acts in a reverse way. Population and industrial urbanization produce an apparent spatial overflow effect on water resource benefits with a threshold. Industrial and economic urbanization has broken through the threshold effect in Yangtze river economic zone, only leaving threshold in partially west for population urbanization. 

This paper based on panel data of 11 provinces (cities) in Yangtze river economic zone from 2008 to 2017, uses non-diametric Super-SBM model to estimate the water resources welfare performance of provinces (cities) in Yangtze river economic zone, applies non-parametric Kernel core density and standard deviation ellipse model to study the dynamic evolution of water resources welfare performance, and employs overall Morans index and spatial panel model to analyze the spatial effects, in an attempt to provide references in promoting ecological environment restoration and ecological civilization construction in Yangtze river economic zone. Water resources welfare performance of Yangtze river economic zone shows a slowly rising trend from 2008 to 2017, high in eastern region, followed by western, low in central. Its performance center moves to the northeast. Also its welfare performance has a spatial concentrating and overflowing effects. Technical advance promotes water resources welfare performance, but environmental regulations and urbanization level play a negative role. Industrial structure and foreign investment level have little impact. This paper presents suggestions on coordinating regional developing mode, conducting technical innovation, establishing regional cooperation and exchange, expanding positive spatial overflowing and issuing localized policies.

China's inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) and outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has driven the economy since reform and openness, leading to a rising conflict between water environmental pollution and economic development, especially massive industrial water discharge, largely impacting ecological environment and welfare. This paper on the basis of panel data of 29 provinces (prefectures) during 2003 to 2017 uses panel VAR model and firstly use pulse response function to study their correlation among China's bidirectional FDI, economic growth and industrial water discharge. The result shows a long-term stable positive influence among IFDI, OFDI and economic growth, with fluctuation in a short term, but bidirectional FDI contributes to economy within a long term. Bidirectional FDI has yet reached a coordinated development with industrial waste water discharge, during which IFDI decreases industrial waste water discharge at the initial stage, but bounced by OFDI in a short term, otherwise also decrease industrial waste water discharge at some specific developing stages. Economic growth leads to a rise of industrial waste water discharge but at a descending increment. Industrial waste water discharge has little positive influence on IFDI, but outstandingly restricts the OFDI at the initial stage, and imposes a lagging effect on economic growth.

This paper uses a non-expected output EBM ultra-efficiency model to measure the industrial green water resource efficiency of 11 provinces and upper-, middle- and down-stream of Yangtze river economic zone during 2002 to 2018, and employs Kernel-Density to estimate the core density curves, and applies spatial Dubin model under fixed effect to calculate the industrial green water resource efficiency of Yangtze river economic zone on the basis of panel data adaption check, and analyzes its temporal-spatial heterogeneity. The industrial green water resource efficiency varies obviously in different provinces/cites, much higher in down-stream than middle- and up-stream. IGWRE is of outstanding spatial overflow effect, with spatial concentrating in nearby provinces/cities. Decomposition of effect suggests that IGWRE is, directly and indirectly, related to economy, industry, environmental regulations, industrial structure, social investment, foreign openness level and infrastructures.

This paper, based on provincial panel data from 2007 to 2016, uses TOPSIS to study the dynamic changes and regional variance of water resource carrying capacity of provinces along Yangtze River economic zone with results showing a slowly declining trend, mostly contributed by water resource sub-system and social sub-system. Water resource carrying capacity decreases toward the down-stream with Chengyu economic zone seating on the top from regional difference. Viewing from provinces, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Shanghai, Hu'nan, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Chongqing, Hubei and Anhui are in a decreasing order. From spatial distribution, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Hu'nan and Shanghai bear the higher capacity. It is also of a falling coupling coordination. It is found that water production, urban daily water use, GDP growth rate and waste water handling investment proportion cast a large influence on water resource carrying capacity. Generally, water carrying capacity of Yangtze River economic zone is at a medium level probably due to large population, inappropriate industrial structure and low water recycling rate. Suggestions are presented accordingly.

Carbon estimation hidden in trading is a vital basis for adjusting import/export trading, improving resources use rate and realizing low carbon economy. This paper uses multiple regional input/output to establish a hidden carbon estimation model for bilateral trading from the perspective of industry. It is applied to estimate the net hidden carbon emission between China's bilateral trading with America, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Russia, India and Brazil by means of WIOD's data from 1997 to 2011, with results showing a net hidden carbon import in bilateral trading between China and America, Germany, Japan and South Korea, a coexisting net carbon import & export between China and Russia, India and Brazil. China generally uses a trading strategy of exchanging carbon emission reduction for trading surplus and exchanging trading deficit for carbon emission reduction. In order to reduce hidden carbon emission, this paper suggests China shall set up carbon emission trading market, consolidate high pollution industries, optimize import/export trading structure and promote imports of high carbon industries and exports of low carbon industries.